Category Archives: Computers

Security and Encryption



It seem that every day we hear about people spying and snooping into other people’s email and personal information. I thought it was time to start a series that would help you keep your stuff safe from prying eyes.

If you do have something to hide, you already know how to keep snoops out. For the rest of us, the next few posts will deal with security, basically how to lock your emails and files up so no one can get at them.

Steganos, a fairly well known online security company, has created a free tool, Locknote,  that encrypts text. It’s deceptively simple, very small and does not install itself on your computer. Locknote is both the container and the text file at the same time, the term self-opening works here.  There is no special hardware or program needed to make it work. Locknote is almost too simple for words. Here’s how you make it work:

1. The download link is here: Locknote  At the time of writing, the link led to Sourceforge.net . This might change but, don’t worry,  you’ll be able to find it.

2. The download is a zip file. Unzip it and copy the folder that is created to your desktop or to your Dropbox folder.

3. Inside the folder is an .exe file and the source code for Locknote. All you need is the .exe file. The source file is for developers.  You can move the .exe file onto your desktop and delete the rest of the folder.

4. Double click the locknote.exe file. This is what pops up:

the locknote window
This is all you see when you start Locknote.

5. Don’t get confused here. This is all you get. What you are seeing is the program and the password locked note, all in one. Type something. You’ll see that I typed a few letters at the bottom. Close the program by clicking the red X on the top right. (Duh, right?)

6. Locknote will ask you if you want to save it. If you say yes, it will prompt you for a password. Once you put in the password, DON’T FORGET IT! If you do, you’ll be locked out of Locknote. Sure, you can simply download it again but the point here is that if you lose the password later on, all of your important or personal stuff will be lost. You’ll be locked out!

7. You have to look at Locknote as a self-contained encrypted container, program and file, all in one. You can carry it around with you on a flash drive, store it online  or send it to yourself in an email.

 To send Locknote in an email :  Put it into a zip file or rename the locknote.exe to something like locknote.txt. Most email programs will not allow you to send an executable file as an attachment. Change the .exe at the end to .txt then change it back to .exe when the other person gets it. Ignore the warnings from Windows, it works.

Changing the file type does two things:  First, it makes the program fit to be emailed and, second, it adds another layer of security to your personal information. If you rename it to adcsn.txt, who will know what that file is? Only you. You can bury it inside of Windows, in another folder; pretty much anywhere you want. As long as you remember the password, all you have to do is change the last three letters (the ones after the period) to exe. You don’t even have to name it Locknote.exe since ‘note.exe’ will work just fine.  Beauty, right?

 What will you put in your locknote file? Just about anything you want. File size is unlimited. It can only be text, of course, but you can put in dates, passwords, personal information, stories, love letters, anything you want. If you have someone that you want to email on a regular basis, or if you want to send someone a bit of personal information, use locknote. Change the last three letters and send the result as an attachment. Have the person rename the file at the other end and use the password to open it. Locknote uses 256 bit encryption. You can rest assured that no one will be able to access your files, even if they do fall into the wrong hands.

TIP: Locknote can be in several places at the same time. You can use one file for passwords, one for banking information, whatever you want to keep hidden. You can use the same password for each one or different passwords, just keep them organized so you know which pw opens which Locknote.

TIP:  Locknote is only as secure as your password. For goodness sakes, don’t use your normal password here. Make up a good one, fourteen or more digits, letters (upper and lower case mixed), symbols, etc. Don’t even think about using a real word or anything about you or your life. Make it obscure and write it somewhere else as if it was something else. Send it to yourself in an email or use some kind of mnemonics to remember it. If you lose it, no one can help. If it’s strong enough, no one can get into your files. Cool huh?

TIP: You can copy the Locknote file and paste it anywhere on your computer. You can have the same file in ten different places although, of course, once you change one version the rest won’t be synced with it.

That’s the first post on security. Keep coming back and I’ll have more. I’ll help you keep your personal information and email out of the hands of anyone who’s snooping around where they shouldn’t.

Thanks for reading! Follow me on Twitter: @_BrianMahoney



SkyDrive



SkyDrive, part of Microsoft’s Hotmail division, gives you 25 gigabytes of storage for free. Yes, you read that right. While I have posted about the glories of Dropbox before, SkyDrive serves up more than 12 times the amount of room for the same low figure…that would be FREE!

You might think that SkyDrive is just for photos, and it works extremely well for that, but you can put just about anything you want in it. Sure, it’s fun to share photos but you can also share documents and other files, too. Don’t feel that you have to share everything, either. You control access to your own SkyDrive, just the way you can with Dropbox. If you want to share photos, for example, select a current contact or add an email address and SkyDrive will send out an email to the person with a personal invitation which includes a link to the photos.

Let’s say that four or five friends take a vacation together. Instead of screwing around with swapping pics via email or Facebook, you can all upload your pics to the same folder or each person can create their own folder and upload their pics to that. Depending on the permissions, you can share the folder for viewing or allow anyone to add, edit and delete photos, too. Watch out for that one, though. Make sure you set the permissions correctly or one of your ‘friends’ just might delete some of your pics.

It should be obvious that you need a Live account to use SkyDrive, right? Head over to msn.com and sign up for a hotmail account, if you don’t have one already. SkyDrive is available with any hotmail account, depending on where you live, I guess. Maybe in your part of the world you don’t get 25 gigs but here in North America you do. Once you’ve signed up and signed in, you’ll see the SkyDrive link at the top of the window. Click on it and you’ve got instant access to 25 gigs of space to use at your discretion. No porn, please. Even if you are the only person who can see what you put up there, part of the agreement or EULA that you ‘sign’ says no porn.

Here’s how I am using SkyDrive right now, as we speak. On Saturday I was the official photographer for my niece’s wedding. During the day and evening, I took 1248 photos. How the heck do I share all of those with friends and relatives? Well, I am uploading them all to one of my Skydrive accounts. Once the upload is finished, I can share the album with anyone who has an email address.

Here’s a pic of the GUI for SkyDrive:

The SkyDrive menu
This is where you set permission or add files.

This is a small pic, the original was very wide but you get the idea. Folders listed on the left, details across the center and folder controls on the right, shown with a mouse-over or hover to reveal the small ‘info’ button. You can add folders at the top, hell you can even access these drives from Windows Explorer simply by mapping a network drive. Details on that later.

You know, people think Hotmail is a silly concept, only used by teens or tweens. It’s not. With SkyDrive, Hotmail has become real competition to Gmail and any other free or ad supported mail service. I’m not a fan of Microsoft in any way but Hotmail is what I use day in and day out for my email and online storage. Give it a shot. Tell ’em Brian sent you.

Thanks for reading. Follow me on Twitter: @_BrianMahoney



Build a Computer – 2



Here are some tips to keep in mind when you are assembling your new PC. For actual step-by-step instructions plus pictures, head over to MaximumPC online. I have written for MaximumPC in the past (and hope to again) and I recommend the magazine and the website. Because the instructions change from month to month, it’s best to keep up to date on the current how-to articles on MaxPC.

1. Make sure you’ve got everything together. Some things that you might not remember are the thermal paste (I got mine from Arctic) even though the Intel CPU came with paste pre-applied. I scrubbed off the old stuff and applied the Arctic Silver paste. You just need a pea sized dab of paste, not a whole bunch. Less is better but make sure you have complete coverage. Another thing you might forget are the SATA cables. Most motherboards come with a few but make sure that you have one for every drive.

Arctic Silver Thermal Paste
The best thermal paste you can buy.

2. Clean the area, clear your mind and don’t assemble the computer while standing on carpet! A good static electricity shock can fry some parts, your RAM or one of the many chips on your motherboard. Touch the case before you touch anything else. There are grounding straps you can pick up, too. I’ve never used one but, then again, I’m pretty anal about grounding myself every ten seconds.

3. Read the manuals. You should take an hour or so to refresh your memory about the ins and outs of  your motherboard/CPU assembly. The RAM and drives are pretty self-explanatory but make sure you know which connectors are which. Keep the schematic of the motherboard layout in front of you and turned for the correct orientation. If you have SATA 2 and SATA 3 connectors, figure out which are which. The most confusing part of all of this, from my experience, is the system that connects the tiny wires from the front console of the computer to the motherboard. ASUS has made this very easy with a little do-jiggy that takes all the connectors in one foul swoop and pops them all at one time onto the motherboard. Look for that piece and learn out how to use it.

Asus motherboard connector
This little guy makes it easy to connect the front panel connectors to the mobo.

4. Every case is different. Some have easy to load bays that don’t require screws, others are more old-fashioned. Above all, look out for sharp edges on the steel. A cut from one of these is much worse than a paper cut and can really ruin your day.

5. When it comes to installing the stand-offs (those little screws that make the motherboard sit a bit above the case), make sure you install the right number. If you have too many screws or too many holes, you’ve done something wrong.

metal standoffs
These things keep the mobo from shorting out on the case.

6. The process, as explained in Maximum PC, begins with installing the CPU, the RAM and the cooler. If there is any pressing down to be done, make sure you do that BEFORE you install the motherboard into the computer. I used the plastic bad that the motherboard came in to put under the board while the whole thing sat on a towel which absorbed any pressure.

7. Another difficult part was fitting the connector console on the motherboard into the corresponding hole in the case. The little pressure tabs usually get screwed up so take your time here and check your work. The first two times I did this, the pressure tabs covered one or more of the holes. Not a good situation once the whole computer is assembled and ready to go.

Asus back panel inputs
This is the tough part to install. Very finicky.

 

8. Once you get everything assembled, check your work. My latest computer wouldn’t POST. There was a panic moment but then I realized that I had managed to knock the tiny switch wire off its connector when I was installing the SATA cables. Usually it’s just a little thing that screws you up.

Good luck with all of this. Questions, comments are welcome.

TIP: NCIX will assemble your computer for only $50.00 before they send the whole thing off to you. They even have a PC building system that tells you what will work with what. Check out the site.  If you are timid but still want to ‘roll your own’ computer, maybe this is an option.

Thanks for reading! Follow me on Twitter: @_BrianMahoney



Build Your Own Computer



This is the first part of a series on how to build your own computer. If you can handle a screwdriver and follow directions, almost the same as Ikea, you should be able to cobble together your own computer in a relatively short period of time. The computer I am writing this on is about four months old and was painstakingly assembled in a few hours. Things don’t always go smoothly, however. Asus ran into a problem with the USB ports on the original motherboard, forcing me to disassemble then reassemble it when the new motherboard came in. Sure, it was a pain but I learned to develop some speed in the assembly the second time around!

These days, you really only need to buy a few parts. Most of the new motherboards already have just about everything built into the board itself. In this post I will tell you what you need, using this computer as an example.

1. Motherboard/CPU combination – I chose Asus as a manufacturer based on my past experience with another Asus board. For the CPU, I chose Intel  simply because they have a brand new set of processors with four cores and they also have a good reputation. For my use, four cores are overkill, most of the time anyway, but the price was right. The Asus motherboard came with just about everything that I needed already on it. There were three video outs which would support two monitors, a sound card built-in plus networking and a slew of USB connectors. I also use Firewire for video captures and there is a connector for that. Sure, the video isn’t for gamers but I was able to use the computer for a couple of months just as it was. I installed a video card recently but only because I wanted to play Far Cry.

2. Case/Power Supply combination – I like a tower case, as opposed to a small form factor case where you have to squeeze everything in. For the Power Supply (PSU), I chose a Corsair 600W model. Corsair has a great name and a good warranty. The case is an Antek unit, based on price and ease of construction. It looks pretty mean, all black with a nice grill on the front. Make sure you have a PSU that supports your power requirements. 600W is pretty medium now, some factory built units come with much smaller PSUs that crap out way before you want them to. Consider 750W or 1000W if you are a hardcore gamer and want to use the latest, greatest video cards and hard drives.

3. RAM – I chose Mushkin based on price and reviews. For my rig I figured 8 gigabytes of RAM (memory) was fine. I use Windows 7 Ultimate and I never notice a slowdown, no matter how many programs I have open. Consider 8 a minimum.

4. Optical Drive (DVD/CD writer) – A basic (non-Blu Ray) unit, a Samsung Writemaster fills the bill nicely. I may go for a Blu Ray later on but this is fine for now.

5. Hard Drive – For this, I chose a Western Digital ‘green’ 2 TB drive. WD has a good reputation and a good warranty. In the past, I’ve used Hitachi and Samsung but lately I’ve been using WD. Since I have lots of room in the case, I am using several hard drives. The WD 2TB, a WD 1.5 TB, a Kingston SSD that was an experiment, and a 1 TB WD 7200 RPM ‘black’ drive. At some point in the near future, I will re-install Windows and use the 1 TB black drive as a boot drive.

6. Keyboard/Mouse combination – I have keyboards in abundance and didn’t have to buy one. Same thing for a mouse. Depending on your needs, get a combination that suits your lifestyle. Wireless is nice but not necessary for me. There are also some pretty fancy mice out there, check them out if you’re a gamer.

7. Monitors – I had two nice Dell monitors so I didn’t need to buy them. My working model is a 22″ LCD, nothing fancy and my other one is a 20″ Dell. I use the 20″ for my TV watching, using a Hauppauge 1600 HD tuner card.

8. Cooling unit – The Intel CPU came with a cooler already but I chose to change it up with a Coolermaster Hyper 212 unit. It installed much faster than the Intel factory unit which proved to be cheap and really wonky to figure out. $19 was cheap for a much better unit from Coolermaster.

That’s it. Next time I’ll tell you how to put it all together.

TIP: All the bits and pieces came from NCIX, the best of the best. NCIX is a one-stop, no worry place to buy computer parts and electronics online. They have bricks and mortar stores, too. Full of helpful tips and tricks, these guys are the best. Did I already say that? (Choose your country: U.S. or Canada.)

Thanks for reading. Follow me on Twitter : @_BrianMahoney



Secret Files – well, just system files but Windows wants to keep them a secret.



System files, hidden by default in Windows, can be useful sometimes. Not that you want to change or delete them but sometimes a virus mimics a system file. In order to get rid of the virus, you have to be able to see the file in the first place. Sure, we all use anti-virus programs but sometimes they need a bit of help. Here’s how you can change your file system to reveal Windows secret files. As a bonus, you can also change the setting to let you know what kind of files you have on your computer. If you don’t know an .ini from an .exe, this won’t matter much but it’s a good idea in spite of that.

1. Depending on your version of Windows (and you really should be using Windows 7), either click the folder on your task bar or right click the Start button and choose Explore.

2. On Windows 7, click on the ‘Organize’ button, then Folder and Search Options, just the way it looks in this pic:

Windows file menu
Click Folder and Search Options

3. The next menu is Folder Options. Click on the View tab to get to this menu:

menu for folder options
Two places to click here.

4. In this menu, make yours look just like mine. Check ‘Show hidden files, folders, and drives’ and uncheck ‘Hide extensions for known files types. Lastly, uncheck ‘Hide protected operating system files (Recommended)’. The last one is optional but I like to have complete control over my computer and, even if I can’t do anything with the protected files, it’s nice to be able to see them.

5. Click OK when Windows says ‘Are you sure’, and then click your way out of the menu.

This is a basic change to your folders that will help you get more involved with your own computer. Instead of seeing file names, you’ll be able to see what kind of file it is. Every file in Windows has an extension, something that tells the computer (and you) what kind of file it is and what it will do. A plain .jpg is a picture file while an .exe file is an ‘executable’, an action file that will open a program. You’ll get to know the file types over time, don’t worry. Once you remove the buzz words and geek-speak, computers aren’t that difficult to understand.

TIP: Don’t delete files unless you know what they are. The files you normally use are .jpg, .doc or .docx files. You don’t ever delete an .exe. file or a .dll file unless you know what you are doing. Delete programs you don’t use through the Control Panel. The purpose of this exercise was to help with your computer knowledge.

Thanks for reading! Follow me on Twitter: @_BrianMahoney